G. W. F. Hegel: Lectures on the History of Philosophy
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3. JAMES OSWALD.

James Oswald, a Scottish clergyman, made use of an expression which indicates that we have the principles just mentioned as facts existing within us.⁽¹⁾ "The existence of the Divine Being is (according to him) a fact absolutely raised above all reasoning and all doubt, and immediately certain for the common-sense of morality."⁽²⁾ The same principle was likewise established in Germany at this time - an inward revelation, a knowledge of the conscience, and specially of God and His Being.

1. Cf. James Oswald: An Appeal of common-sense in behalf of religion (Edinburgh, 1772), Vol. I. Book I. Introduction, p. 12 (translated by Wilmsen, Leipzig, 1774, p. 11).

2. Rixner, ibidem, § 121, p. 262; cf. James Oswald, ibidem, Vol. II. Book II. chap. i. pp. 50, 51 (pp. 54, 55).