Timeline: 19th Century Europe

Philosophy
1800: Fichte - The Vocation of Man
1800: Schelling - System of Transcendental Philosophy
1807: Hegel - The Phenomenology
1818: Schopenhauer - The World as Will and Idea
1830-42: Comte - Course in Positive Philosophy
1843: Kierkegaard - Either/Or
1843: Feuerbach - Essence of Christianity
1844: Marx - Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts
1861: Mill - Utilitarianism
1877: Peirce - The Fixation of Belief
1887: Nietzsche - Beyond Good and Evil
1897: James - The Will to Believe

Classical Music
Classic
Period to 1850
Romantic Period
1800-1900
Impressionistic Period
1875-1925
Haydn (1732-1809)
Beethoven (1770-1827)
Chopin (1810-49)
Wagner (1813-83)
Brahms (1833-97)
Tchaikovsky (1840-93)
Mahler (1860-1911)

Visual Arts
Goya (1746-1828)
David (1748-1825)
Delacroix (1798-1863)
Degas (1834-1917)
Cézanne (1839-1906)
Rodin (1840-1917)
van Gogh (1853-90)
Lautrec (1864-1901)

Literature
1807: Wordsworth - Ode, Intimations of Immortality
1808: Goethe - Faust (Pt. 1)
1818: Shelley - Frankenstein
1827: Heine - Book of Songs
1842: Gogol - Dead Souls (Vol. 1)
1853: Dickens - Bleak House
1857: Baudelaire - Flowers of Evil
1857: Flaubert - Madam Bovary
1866: Swinburne - Poems & Ballads
1877: Ibsen - Pillars of Society
1879: Dostoyevsky - The Brothers Karamazov
1883: Maupassant - A Woman's Life
1885: Zola - Germinal
1888: Bellamy - Looking Backward
1894: Wilde - Salomé

Social/Political/Political Economy: Theory
1803: Say - Treatise on Political Economy
1808: Fourier - The Social Destiny of Man
1813: Owen - New View of Society
1817: Ricardo - Principles of Political Economy and Taxation
1819: Sismondi - Nouveaux Principes d'economie politique
1844-77: Walras - Elements of Pure Economics
1845: Engels - Condition of the Working Class in England
1846: Proudhon - Philosophy of Poverty
1847: Considérant - Principe du socialisme
1848: Mill, J. S. - Principles of Political Economy
1848: Marx/Engels - Communist Manifesto
1859: Mill - On Liberty
1862: Spencer - First Principles
1865: Bakunin - Revolutionary Catechism 
1867: Marx - Capital (Vol. 1)
1869: Mill - The Subjection of Women
1871: Jevons - The Theory of Political Economy
1883: Dilthey - Introduction to the Social Sciences
1890: Marshall - Principles of Economics
1899: Veblen - Theory of the Leisure Class
1899: Lenin - The Development of Capitalism in Russia

Science & Technology
1800: Alessandro Volta - produces 1st electric battery
1804: Jacquard patents automatic loom
1808: John Dalton - New System of Chemical Philosophy
1809: Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck - Zoological Philosophy
1820: Hans Christian Oersted - Experiments on the effects of an electrical conflict on a magnetic needle
1821: Michael Faraday - demonstrates electrical energy can be continually converted into mechanical energy
1828: Friedrich Wöhler - synthesizes organic compound in the lab
1830: Charles Lyell - The Principles of Geology
1831: Michael Faraday - demonstrates principle of induction
1837: Electric telegraph line set up
1838-39: Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann - develop cell theory
1840: James Joule - develops concept of the conservation of energy
1847: Helmholtz - On the Conservation of Force
1856: William Ferrel - Essay on the Winds and Currents of the Ocean
1859: Charles Darwin - Origin of the Species
1866: Gregor Mendel - Experiments with Plant Hybrids
1869: Dmitri Mendeleyev - Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements
1873: Maxwell - Electricity and Magnetism 
1876: Koch identifies a germ connected w/ a specific disease (anthrax)
1876: Bell patents telephone [U.S.]
1876: Otto patents 1st internal combustion engine
1879: Edison creates commercially practical incandescent lamp [U.S.]
1882: Edison sets up electricity generating plant based on dynamos [U.S.]
1885: Pasteur - rabies vaccine
1893: Mach - The Science of Mechanics
1895: Wilhelm Röntgen - discovers x-rays
1897: J. J. Thomson - discovers the electron
1898: Marie and Pierre Curie discover radium and polonium

Social/Political/Political Economy: Practice
Various wars throughout the century
Free trade (Britain) from the 1840s into the 20th century
Industrial Cycles:
    1st - 1780s to 1840s (textiles)
    2nd - 1840s t0 1870s ((railway and iron)
    3rd - (organic chemicals, steel, electrical machinery)
1804: Napoleon voted emperor
1806-22: Wars of South American Independence
1807: Great Britain prohibits slave trade
1811: Luddites attack mechanization
1814-15: Congress of Vienna
1815: Napoleon defeated at Waterloo - end of Napoleonic Wars
1824: Combination Acts repealed in England
1825: Decembrist rising against Tsar Nicholas I
1829: Catholic Emancipation Act
1830: 1st passenger railway opens
1833: Factory Act bans employment of children under 9 
1833: Slavery abolished in British colonies
1848: "Year of Revolutions"
1854-56: Crimean War
1857-58: Indian Mutiny
1861: Alexander II abolishes serfdom
1861: Italy unified
1861-65: American Civil War
1864: International Workingmen's Association (1st International) founded
1871: Germany unified
1871: Paris Commune
1871: Trade unions legalized in Britain
1881: 1st pogrom (after assassination of Alexander II)
1883: Bismarck introduces sickness insurance 
1884: Berlin West Africa Conference
1894: Dreyfus convicted of treason
1898: Spanish - U.S. War
1899: 1st Hague Peace Conference

©Carl Mickelsen