Independent Uses of the Subjunctive
- C. refers to Cicero; passages are from the de Senectute
- T. refers to Terence, line numbers refer to lines in Adelphoe.
- V. refers to Vergil, line numbers to book 1 of the Aeneid.
- P. refers to Pliny the Younger, numbers to letters in book 1.
Volitive
Hortatory "let us"
Jussive "let him, let them"C. 15. 9 videamus "let us see"
T. hilare hunc sumamus diem (Ter, Ad, 287)
V. 1.558 regemque petamus Acesten.
V. 1.551 quassatam ventis liceat subducere classem ...T. respondeat mihi (516)
V. 1. 140-1 illa se jactet in aula / Aeolus et clauso ventorum carcere regnet.
V. 1.548-9 officio nec te certasse priorem paeniteat.
P. 3 in his etiam somnus reponatur.
P. 3 hoc sit negotium tuum, hoc otium...
Prohibitive "don't"
T. Cave nunciam oculos a meis oculis quoquam demoveas tuos... (170);
T. cave dixeris (458);
* also noli + infinitive and ne + subjunctive
Deliberative "Am I to; should I?"
T patiamurne an narremus quoipiam? (336)
V. 1.327 O quam memorem, virgo?
V. 2.6-8 quis ... miles ... temperet a lacrimis?
Optative "would that" "may ___!" often with utinam (sometimes with ut)
C. II.5. 16 quae utinam digna esset opinione vestra nostro cognomine!
C. VI.19.19-20 Quam palmam utinam di immortales, Scipio, tibi reservent...
V. 1.330-2 sis felix nostrumque leves, quaecumque, laborem / et quo sub caelo tandem, quibus orbis in oris / jactemur doceas.
V. 1.603-5 Di tibi ... praemia digna ferant.
V. 1.732, 1.734
T. ut, Syre, te cum tua monstratione magnus perdat Iuppiter! (713);
T. salvos sit! (411).
Potential: expresses a possibility
C. I.2.12 parum enim esset auctoritatis in fabula...
C. III.8.26 sed fortasse dixerit quispiam...
T nil est quod malim (311; cf 311-319)
See also:
- Bennett, 272-280
- Allen and Greenough, 439-447