Basic Vocabulary:  L-P

L

labor, labi (3), lapsus/a sum slip Eheu fugaces, Postume, Postume, labuntur anni... Horace

labor, laboris (m) work, labor

labrum, -i (n) lip

lacesso, lacessere (3), lacessivi, lacessitum harass, attack

lacrima, -ae (f) tear    Sunt lacrimae rerum... Vergil

laetus, -a, -um happy locus laetissimus umbrae ... Vergil

lapis, lapidis (m) stone

largior, largiri (4), largitus/a sum lavish, bestow > largesse

lateo, latere (2), latui lie hidden

latro, latronis (m) highwayman, robber > larceny

latus, -a, -um wide

latus, lateris (n) side

laudo (1) praise

lectus, -i (m) bed > litter

lego, legere (3), legi, lectum gather, pick out, choose, read

lenis, -e smooth, gentle

lente    slowly lente atque paulatim proceditur... Caesar.

levis, -e light, trivial

lex, legis (f) law

liber, libri (m) book

liber, -a, -um free

liberi, -orum (m pl)   children    etiam Sabinorum omnis multitudo cum liberis ac coniugibus venit... Livy

libet, libere, (2, impersonal), libuit, libitum est it pleases > ad lib.

licet, licere, (2, impersonal), licuit, licitum est it is permitted

ligo (1) bind

limen, liminis (n) threshold > liminal, subliminal

lingua, -ae (f) tongue

littera, -ae (f) letter

litus, litoris (n) shore

• Litora litoribus contraria, fluctibus undas
• imprecor, arma armis; pugnent ipsique nepotesque. Vergil.

locus, -i (m) place

longus, -a, -um     long

loquor, loqui (3), locutus/a sum     speak

lucrum, -i (n) gain, profit

ludus, -i (m) game, sport, school, play

lugeo, lugere (2), luxi, luctum grieve, mourn Lugete, o Veneres Cupidinesque... Catullus

luna, -ae (f) moon

lupus, -i (m) wolf    Lupus in fabula. Terence (proverb)

lux, lucis (f) light

M

magis more, rather       

• Nubere Paula cupit nobis, ego ducere Paulam
• nolo: anus est. vellem, si magis esset anus. Martial

magnus, -a, -um large, great

malo, malle, malui prefer

malus, -a, -um     bad, evil

mando (1)         entrust

maneo, manere (2), mansi, mansum remain

manus, -us (f) hand

mare, maris (n) the sea quae mare navigerum...concelebras... Lucretius

mater, matris (f) mother

maturus, -a, -um ripe, early

medicus, -i (m)     physician

medius, -a, -um middle, in the middle in medias res

memini, meminisse remember Aequam memento rebus in arduis... Horace

memor, memoris mindful

mens, mentis (f)    mind

mensa, -ae (f)   table    At caret [sc. senectus] epulis (banquets) exstructisque (piled high) mensis et frequentibus poculis (cups of wine). Cicero.

mensis, mensis (m) month

merces, mercedis (f) pay, reward

mereo, merere (2), merui, meritum deserve, earn

metus, -us (m) fear (metuo fear) magnus et certus ruinae metus... Pliny.

miles, militis (m) soldier

mille thousand

minor, minus less (minuo diminish)

minor (1) threaten

miror (1) wonder at, admire

misceo, miscere (2), miscui, mixtum mix

miser, misera, miserum wretched

mitis, -e mild, gentle

mitto, mittere (3), misi, missum     send

modo now, only [< modus] > modern, à la mode

modus, -i (m) measure, manner, limit

moenia, -ium (n pl)   city walls, fortifications      O fortunati, quorum iam moenia surgunt! Vergil

molior, moliri (4), molitus/a sum work at, strive, build (moles, -is, f. effort)

Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem. Vergil

mollis, -e soft

moneo, monere (2), monui, monitum warn, advise

mons, montis (m) mountain

mora, -ae (f) delay

morbus, -i (m) disease

morior, mori (3), mortuus sum die (mors, mortis, f death)

mos, moris (m) habit, custom mos maiorum

moveo, movere (2), movi, motum move, arouse

mox     soon mox quasi alio die studebat in cenae tempus... Pliny.

mulier, mulieris (f) woman

multus, -a, -um much, many multum, non multa... Pliny.

mundus, -i (m) world, universe

munio, munire (4), munivi/ii, munitum fortify, defend, build

munus, muneris (n)service, function, gift, duty    

Natali tibi, Quinte, tuo dare parva volebam munera... Martial

murus, -i (m) wall

muto (1) change mutatis mutandis

N

nam for nam hercle! Terence

nanciscor, nancisci (3), nactus/a sum obtain, find quidquid est nacta complectitur... Cicero

narro (1) tell

nascor, nasci (3), natus/a sum be born

navis, navis (f) ship

ne that not, lest

-ne enclitic question particle Tune ille Aeneas? Vergil.

necesse necessary

neco (1) kill > internecine, pernicious

Related to nocere and the Greek nekros > necromancy and nectar (the gods’ drink that overpowers death).

nego (1) deny, say...not

nemo, neminis/nullius no one

neque (nec) and not

neque...neque neither...nor

nequitia, -ae (f) worthlessness    me ipse inertiae nequitiaeque condemno... Cicero

nihil, nil (n) nothing tertium certe nihil inveniri potest... Cicero

nimis too much [ ne + minus] > nimiety nimium ineptus es... Terence

nisi if not, unless

noceo, nocere (2), nocui, nocitum   harm

nomen, nominis (n) name (< nosco)

non not (nondum not yet)

nonus, -a, -um ninth

nos we, us inter nos

nosco, noscere (3), novi, notum     become acquainted with, get to know; pf. know

novus, -a, -um new

nox, noctis (f) night

nudus, -a, -um bare    Num igitur, si ad centesimum annum vixisset, senectutis eum suae poeniteret? Cicero.

nullus, -a, -um no

num whether; question particle expecting a negative reply

numerus, -i (m) number

numquam never Numquam me revocas, venias cum saepe vocatus. Martial

nunc     now nunc est bibendum. Horace.

nuntius, -ii (m)     messenger, message nuntius a Spurinna... Pliny.

-nuo, -nuere (3), -nui, -nutum     nod

nuper   recently    

Ecce, amicus avunculi, qui nuper ad eum ex Hispania venerat, ut me et matrem sedentes, me vero etiam legentem videt, illius patientiam, securitatem meam corripit. Pliny.

nusquam   nowhere

Quin etiam memoriae proditum est, cum Athenis ludis quidam in theatrum grandis natu ("elderly person") venisset, in magno consessu locum nusquam ei datum a suis civibus... Cicero.

nutrio, nutrire (4), nutrivi, nutritum nourish

O

ob (+ acc.) on account of

obses, obsidis (m) hostage Cloelia virgo, una ex obsidibus... Livy.

obliviscor, oblivisci (3) oblitus/a sum forget

obscurus, -a, um dark, hidden

octo eight

oculus, -i (m) eye

odi, odisse hate Odi et amo. Catullus.

omen, ominis (n) portent

omnis, -e all (omnino in all, at all)

onus, oneris (n) burden

opinio, opinionis (f) belief, opinion (< opinor think)

oportet, oportere (2) oportuit (impersonal) it is necessary te decipi a me non oportet. Pliny.

oppidum, -i (n) town oppido amisso... Cicero.

ops, opis (f) help, aid; wealth magnas opes sibi magnumque nomen facere...Livy.

opto (1)wish In parentibus vero quam plurimum esse eruditionis optaverim... Quintilian.

opus, operis (n) work, task

ora, -ae (f) shore Troiae qui primus ab oris ... Vergil.

orbis, orbis (m) circle orbis terrarum

ordo, ordinis (m) rank, class Novus ordo seclorum.

orior, oriri (3), ortus/a sum arise

orno (1) equip, adorn

os, oris (n) mouth, face

otium, -ii (n) leisure Hoc sit negotium tuum, hoc otium, hic labor, haec quies. Pliny

ovum, -i (n) egg

P

pabulum, -i (n) food, fodder

paene   almost     o dulce otium honestumque ac paene omni negotio pulchrius... Pliny

pagus, -i (m) village, country district > pagan

palam openly loquitur in consilio palam... Caesar

panis, panis (m) bread panem et circenses!

par, paris (genitive) equal

parco, parcere (3), peperci, parsum (+ dat.) spare > parsimony      parcere subiectis et debellare superbos... Vergil

pareo, parere (2), parui, paritum be visible, obey

naturam, optimam ducem, tamquam deum sequimur eique paremus. Cicero.

paries, parietis (m)   wall   

Dum haec dicit, exsiluit cathedra adversoque parieti caput ingenti impetu impegit et corruit. Pliny.

pario, parere (3), peperi, partum beget, produce   

Fructus autem senectutis est, ut saepe dixi, ante partorum bonorum memoria et copia. Cicero

paro (1) prepare, get, obtain

pars, partis (f) part

parvus, -a, -um small parva est cenula ("little cena"). Martial.

parum   too little, not enough        parum enim esset auctotitatis in fabula... Cicero

pateo, patere (2), patui   lie open    patent portae... Cicero

pater, patris (m) father

patior, pati (3), passus/a sum    suffer, endure, permit

pauci, -ae, -a     few     Paucos post dies ipse me Regulus convenit in praetoris officio. Pliny

paulum [adv.] a little paulum aetate progressi ... Cicero.

pauper, pauperis poor

pax, pacis (f) peace

pecco (1) do wrong, sin pecca fortiter. Luther.

pectus, pectoris (n)breast, heart

Praeclarum quidem illud eiusdem, ferrum stringere, perfodere pectus, extrahere pugionem, porrigere marito, addere vocem immortalem ac paene divinam "Paete non dolet." Pliny

pecunia, -ae (f)    money (< pecus , flock)

pecus, pecoris (n) flock, herd si pecus pascetur ubi vitem serere voles...Cato.

pello, pellere (3),pepuli, pulsum    strike, push, drive out

pendo, pendere (3), pependi, pensum    pay, weigh

penitus [adv.]deep within    

ait timere se ne animo meo penitus haereret quod in centumvirali iudicio aliquando dixisset... Pliny.

per (+ acc) through

periculum, -i (n)   danger     Vides quod periculum, si respondissem "bene," quod flagitium, si "male." Pliny.

pes, pedis (m) foot

pestis, pestis (f) plague, curse, destruction

peto, petere (3), petivi, petitum    seek, aim at, beg

piger, pigra, pigrum lazy, slow, dull

pilum, -i (n) javelin

piscis, piscis (m) fish

pius, -a, -um devoted to duty Sum pius Aeneas. Vergil

placeo, placere (3), placui, placitum     be pleasing to

placo (1) placate, appease

plane plainly, clearly

plebs, plebis (f) the common people, populace

plenus, -a, -um     full     ille vir haud magna cum re sed plenus fidei... Ennius

-pleo, -plere (2), -plevi,-pletum     fill

plerique,-aeque,-aque     most

quae [senectus] plerisque senibus sic odiosa est ut onus se Aetna gravius dicant sustinere. Cicero

plus more

poena, -ae (f) penalty (cf. punio punish)

poeta, -ae (m) poet, maker

polliceor, polliceri (2) pollicitus/a sum promise Totum etiam pollicerer... Pliny

pono, ponere (3), posui, positum put, place, set

pons, pontis (m) bridge

populus, -i (m) the people

porta, -ae (f) gate, entrance

porto (1) carry

posco, poscere (3),poposci demand

possum, posse (pot-), potui be able

post (+ acc.) after

postulo (1) demand

potior, potiri (4), potitus/a sum get possession of

potius rather

praebeo, praebere (2), praebui, praebitum  furnish, offer, show

praeda, -ae (f) booty, loot

praemium, -ii (n) reward

praesertim     especially

praeter (+ acc.)     beyond

prehendo, prehendere (3), prehendi, prehensum grasp, seize

premo, premere (3), pressi, pressum     squeeze, press, pursue

pretium, -ii (n)    price, value, reward

prex, precis (f) prayer

primus, -a, -um     first

privo (1) deprive

pro (+ abl.) in front of, before

probo (1) test, approve, show

probus, -a, -um good, upright, honest

procul at a distance, far off haud procul absit a morte... Cicero.

proelium, -ii (n) battle

prope near, nearly

proprius, -a, -u one's own

propter (+ acc.) on account of    post hoc ergo propter hoc

protinus at once

prudens, prudentis foreseeing, wise (< pro-videns)

publicus, -a, -um of the people, public res publica

pudor, pudoris (m) modesty, shame (< pudet it shames)

puer, pueri (m)  /puella, -ae (f) boy/girl

pugna, -ae (f) fight

pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum    beautiful

purgo (1) cleanse

purus, -a, -um pure, free from interger vitae, scelerisque purus... Horace

puto (1) reckon, suppose, judge, think