Subjunctive Review 1: Forms

The tenses of the subjunctive are the present, imperfect, perfect, and pluperfect. Only the present and imperfect show conjugational differences.

1. Present: "We seat all friars." or "We eat caviar." In the present subjunctive, E is the characteristic vowel of the first conjugation EA of the second conjugation A of the third, and IA of the fourth and -i-stems of the third.

I            II             III                     III-io         
IV

ACTIVE

portem teneam ducam capiam sentiam

portes teneas ducas capias sentias

portet teneat ducat capiat sentiat

portemus teneamus ducamus capiamus sentiamus

portetis teneatis ducatis capiatis sentiatis

portent teneant ducant capiant sentiant

PASSIVE

porter tenear ducar capiar sentiar

porteris tenearis ducaris capiaris sentiaris

        portere teneare ducare capiare sentiare

portetur teneatur ducatur capiatur sentiatur

portemur teneamur ducamur capiamur sentiamur

portemini teneamini ducamini capiamini sentiamini

portentur teneantur ducantur capiantur sentiantur

 

2. Imperfect: add personal endings to the present active infinitive.

I

ACT: portarem, portares, portaret, portaremus, portaretis, portarent

PASS: portarer, portareris (portarere), portaretur, portaremur, portaremini, portarentur

II

ACT: tenerem, teneres, teneret, teneremus, teneretis, tenerent

PASS: tenerer, tenereris (tenerere), teneretur, teneremur, teneremini, tenerentur

III and III-io

ACT: ducerem, duceres, etc.

caperem, caperes, etc.

PASS: ducerer, ducereris (ducerere) etc.

caperer, capereris (caperere) etc.

IV

ACT: sentirem, sentires, etc.

PASS: sentirer, sentireris (sentirere), etc.

 

3. Perfect: Active, add to the perfect stem the endings: -erim, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis, -erint

portaverim -- tenuerim -- duxerim -- ceperim -- senserim

Passive, use the ppp and the present subjunctive of sum [sim, sis, sit, simus, sitis, sint; sometimes fuerim, fueris, etc. is used instead; in older Latin siem, etc.]

portatus/-a sim -- tentus/-a sim -- ductus/-a sim -- captus/-a sim -- sensus/-a sim [Be sure to make the participle agree in gender and number with the subject.]

4. Pluperfect: Active, add personal endings [-m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt] to the perfect active infinitive.

portavissem -- tenuissem -- duxissem -- cepissem -- sensissem

Passive, use the ppp and the imperfect subjunctive of sum [essem, esses, esset, essemus, essetis, essent; sometimes fuissem is used instead]

portatus/-a essem -- tentus/-a essem -- ductus/-a essem -- captus/-a essem -- sensus/-a essem

 

Exercises

Form and conjugate subjunctives of:

  1. scribo -ere scripsi scriptum
  2. video - re vidi visum
  3. venio, -ire veni ventum
  4. opto (1)
  5. capio, -ere, cepi, captum

Parse [identify] these subjunctive forms

  1. uteretur (utor)
  2. absterserit (abstergo)
  3. effecerit (efficio < facio)
  4. pareat (pareo)
  5. possit
  6. ferat (fero)
  7. dicant
  8. afferat
  9. agerent
  10. putassent = putavissent
  11. posset
  12. discriptae sint (discribo)