Ablative Absolute, Indirect Statement

Review of Chapters 23-25: Read these chapters carefully in Wheelock. Do the practice and review and exercises in the self-tutorial section of Wheelock if you find that the material is somewhat unfamiliar or partly forgotten Study the vocabulary. An additional exercise on indirect statement will be found at the end of the workbook (exercise # 14).   It can be done if you think you need more work on indirect statement.

Part I: review the forms of participles and infinitives and give all participles and infinitives of :

It helps to give the principal parts of verbs and learn them as you go along:

• 1. sentio
• 2. gero
• 3. amo
• 4. video
• 5. facio
• 6. sum
• 7. recipio
• 8. pello

Part II: Translate these sentences, using the vocabulary of Wheelock. Try to use words that are already familiar to you, even if you have to think of a synonym for the English word before you translate it into Latin. Be especially careful to distinguish the ablative absolute from participles in agreement with subjects or objects of the main verbs.

Pay special attention to distinguishing between the active and the passive.

A. Future Passive Periphrastic

"must be" = FUTURE PASSIVE PARTICIPLE + a form of  the verb SUM, ESSE: the participle and the verb agree with the subject. The AGENT (after the word, by) goes into the DATIVE.

B. Participles agree with their nouns in number, gender and case. To decide what case, see what the noun is doing in the sentence.

C. The ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE gives circumstances surrounding the action.

NOUN in ABLATIVE|PARTICIPLE in ABLATIVE

subject | verb [both in the ablative]

D. Indirect statement:

VERB OF SAYING, THINKING:

Subject (ACCUSATIVE)|Verb (INFINITIVE)|objects

DO NOT TRANSLATE THE WORDS IN BRACKETS.  For example, THAT after a verb of thinking, saying, etc. is expressed NOT by a word but by the construction called indirect statement, that is, SUBJECT ACCUSATIVE with INFINITIVE.

EXERCISES:  TRANSLATE INTO LATIN

1. The great city must not be destroyed by foolish men.

2. Those men, displaying virtue, saved the city.

3. Desiring liberty, they fled.

4. Being about to thank the king, the orator was preparing his voice. ["to thank" = gratias agere]

5. [If] Called (=having been called), I shall come on the same day.

6. [When] this was done [use participle], they kept seeking [what tense? do not use participle] peace.

7. [With] Cicero pleading the case, we shall win (=overcome). ("to plead a case" = causam agere.)

8. He said [that] the truth could not be found without great labor.

9. The tyrant hoped [that] he would destroy that great city.

10. He thought [that] the republic could be destroyed by books of this sort.

11. I think [that] those men live without hope.

12. Do you think [that] he did those [things] with great fidelity? [review question particle]

13. He said [that] those men had been sent from the city by the orator. [review ablative of agent]

14. I think [that] this great city must not be destroyed. [see sentence 1, above]