Glossary of Base Words: I Latin
A
acer, acr- (1) [3] sharp, keen
aequus [equ-,equi-] [3] even, equal
aevum [ev-] [3] age
ager, agr- (1) field
agere, actum [4] do, drive, lead
ala (1) wing
albus (1) white
alere, altum [6] grow
alienus (4) belonging to another
alter other
altus (1)[3] high, deep
amare love
ambulare (2) walk, go
amicus (3) friend
amoenus [amen-] pleasant
amplus [1] large, spacious
ancilla female servant
anima [1] breath
animus [1] spirit
annus [2] [-enn-] year
antiquus [1] old
aperire, apertum [7] open
apis (pl. apes) (4) bee
aptus [3] fitted to
aqua (1), [2] water
aquila (1) eagle
arbiter witness, judge
arca (1) chest
arcus bow
ardere, arsum (6) burn
ars, art- skill, craft
artus (3) joint
asper rough, bitter, harsh
atavus (4) great-great-great-grandfather, ancestor
audere dare
audire, auditum (4)[6] hear
augere, auctum [6] increase
augur (3) soothsayer
aura breeze
auris, aur- [3] ear
auxilium aid
avarus (3) greedy
avis (pl. aves) (4) bird
avus (4) grandfather
B
baca, bacca (4) berry
beatus [3] happy, blessed
bellum war
bellus pretty, handsome (dimin. of bonus)
bene [1] well
bi-, bin-, bis- (2) two, by twos, twice
bibere (6) drink
bonus [1] good
bos, bov- ox, bull, cow
brevis [1] short
C
cadere, casum [4] fall [-cid-, -cas-]
caedere, caesum [4] cut, kill [-cid-, -cis-]
caelum sky
calere (6) be warm
calumnia (1) false accusation
calx, calc- (3) pebble
campus open field
candere [6] shine, be white
canere, cantum (4) [5] sing
canis, can(i)- (2) dog
capere, captum (-io) [4] take, seize [-cipi-, -cept-; -ceive]
capsa (1) box
caput, capit- [2] head
carcer (5) prison
cardo, cardin- (2) hinge
caro, carn- [2] flesh
castra (3) camp
castus (6) pure, chaste
causa [1] cause, reason
cavus [3] hollow
cedere, cessum [4] go, yield
cella (3) storeroom
centum (2) hundred
cerebrum (3) head, brain
censere, censum [7] assess, rate, estimate
cernere, cretum [5] sift
civis, civ(i)- [2] citizen
clamare, clamatum [4] shout [claim]
clarus [1] bright, clear
classis (3) fleet
claudere, clausum [4] shut [-clud-, -clus-; -close]
clavis (3) key
clinare, clinatum turn, bend
codex, codic- (3) tree trunk, book
colere, cultum [7] till, honor, dwell
comis nice, courteous
condere, conditum [5] build, store, hide
copia [2] abundance, supplies
cor, cordi- (2) heart
corium (5) hide, skin
cornu (2) horn
corona (3) crown
corpus, corpor-, n. [1] body
creare, creatum [6] create
credere, creditum [7] believe
crescere, cretum (6) grow [inchoative of creare]
crux, cruc(i)- (4) cross
culpa (5) fault
currere, cursum (4) [5] run
cutis (3) skin
D
dare, datum [4] give [-dere, -dit-]
debere, debitum owe
decem (2) ten
dens, dent- (5) tooth
deus, de- (4) god, God
dexter right hand
dicere, dictum (4) [5] say
dies, di- [2] day
difficilis [1] hard
dignus [1] worthy
diluvium flood
discipulus (3) pupil, disciple
divus [1] of a god, divine
docere, doctum [6] teach
dolere, dolitum be in pain, grieve
dominus (4) master < domus
domus [domes-] [1] home, house
donum (4) gift
dorsum back
dubius (1) doubtful
ducere, ductum [4] lead
duo (2) two
E
effetus (1) worn out by child-bearing
emere, emptum (4) [5] buy
equ-, equi (2)[3] see aequus
equus horse
errare, erratum [4] go astray
esse, futurum [6] be
experiri, expertum (6) try, test
F
facilis [1] easy ( < facere)
facere, factum {-io} [4] do, make [-fici-, -fect-]
fama talk, rumor
fanum [2] temple
fari, fatum [6] speak
fateri, fassum acknowledge [-fit-,-fess-]
fatum [1] the thing said, fate
fatuus [3] silly, foolish
fecundus fertile
felix, felic- happy
femina woman
-fendere, -fensum [7] strike, hurt
ferre [fer-], latum [4] bear, carry
ferus (1) wild
fervere [6] boil
fidere [6] trust, rely on
findere, fissum [7] split
fingere, fictum [7] form
finis [1] end
flamma (4) torch, fire, flame
flectere, flexum [5] bend
flos, flor- flower
fluere, fluxum [6] flow
fluctus (4) wave
focus [1] hearth
forma [3] shape, beauty
fortis [3] strong, brave
forum (1) public place, market
frangere [frag-], fractum [6] break
frater, fratr(i) (4) brother
frustra (4) in vain
fugere [-io], fugitum [7] flee
fumus (6) smoke, steam
fundere, fusum [5] pour
fundus (1) bottom, landed property
fungi, functum [7] perform
funus, funer- [2] death, rites for the dead
G
garrire (6) chatter
genus, gener-, n. [1] race, kind, birth
gerere, gestum [5] carry, wage
germen, germin- (4) sprout
gladius (3) sword
globus (3) globe
gradi, gressum [7] step, walk [-gred-]
gradus, gradu- (1) step
granum [3] grain
gratia [1] favor, thanks
gratus [1] grateful, thankful
gravis [3] heavy, serious
grex, greg- (2) flock
H
habere, habitum [7] have, hold
haerere, -haesum [5] cling, stick
hamus (3) hook
herba (4) young plant, grass, herb
heres, hered- [3] heir
hibernus (2) wintry, winter
homo, homin- (3) human being
horrere [6] shudder, stand stiff
hospes, hospit- (1) host
hostis, host(i) [3] enemy
humanus [3] human
humere (6) be moist
humilis [1] lowly, on the ground
humus [1,3] the ground, soil
I
ignis, ign(i)- [2] fire
imitari, imitatum [7] copy
immunis tax-exempt
index, indic-, m. (1) forefinger, pointer
insidiae ambush, trap
insula (4) island
ire, itum [4] go
iter, itiner- journey ( < ire)
iterum (5) again
J
jejunus (1) hungry, fasting, insubstantial
jacere, jactum {-io} [4] throw [-ject-]
jacere [no ppp.] [4][6] lie ( < jacere)
jocus (1) [3] jest
judex, judic- judge
jungere, junctum [7] join
jus, jur- right, law
L
labi, lapsum [7] slip
labor, labor-, m. [1] work
lacrima a tear
lassus tired
latere (6) lie hidden
latum [see ferre] carried
latus, later- [2] [3] side
latus [adj.] [3] wide
legere, lectum [5] gather, choose, read
levis [3] light [not heavy or serious]
lex, leg- [2] law
liber, liber- (1) free
liber, libr- [3] book
libra (2) balance
limen, limin- (5) threshhold
linere, litum (6) smear
linquere, -lictum (6) leave
liquere [6] be fluid
littera [1] letter
livere (6) be black and blue
locus [1] place
longus [3] long
loqui, locutum [6] speak
lucere [6] shine, be light
ludere, lusum [5] play
lumen, lumin- (5) light
luna (2) moon
lupus wolf
lympha water
M
magnus [3] big, great
major, majus [majes-] [3] greater, bigger, older
malus [3] bad
manere, mansum [6] remain
manus, manu- [2] hand
mare, mar- [2] sea
mater, matr(i)- [2] mother
maximus [3] biggest, greatest
medius [adj.] (1) middle, in the middle
melior [see bonus] better
memor (6) mindful
mens, ment- mind
mensa (1) table
metus (3) fear
migrare, migratum [6] move, change one's abode
miles, milit- [2] soldier
mille, mill(i)- thousand
minimus [3] smallest, least
minor, minus [mines-] [3] smaller, younger, less
mirari, miratum (6) wonder at
miscere, mixtum (6) mix, mingle
miser [adj.] (1) [3] wretched
mittere, missum [4] send, let go
modus [1] manner
moles, mole- [3] heap, mass
monere, monitum (6) [7] warn, advise
mons, mont- mountain
mordere, morsum [6] bite
mors, mort- [2] death
mortuus [2] dead body
mos, mor- [2] custom, manner, mood [pl. mores]
movere, motum [7] move
multus (2) many
mundus (2) world
murus [2] wall
mus, mur- [3] mouse
mutare, mutatum [7] change
N
nasci, natum [6] be born
navis, nav- [2] ship
necesses [2] unavoidable
nepos, nepot- (1) grandson, nephew
nervus [2] tendon
nihil (5) nothing
nomen, nomin- [2] name
nonus (2) ninth
novem (2) nine
novus (5) new
nox, noct- [2] night
numerus [2] number
nuntius (5) message, messenger
nutrire, nutritum [6] nourish
nux, nuc- [3] nut
O
oculus [2] eye
octo (2) eight
odium [2] hatred
omnis, omni- (2) all
onus, oner-, n. [1] burden
ops, op- means, resounces
optare, optatum (6) wish
optimus [see bonus] best
opus, oper-, n. [1] work
ordo, ordin- [2] rank, row
oriri, ortum [6] arise
os, or- (4) mouth
os, oss- [2] bone
otium leisure
P
paene almost
paenitere [6] repent
pagus village
panis bread
par [1] equal
parare, paratum [4] get, get ready
parcus sparing
pars, part- [3] part
pater, patr(i)- [2] father
pati, passum suffer
pauci [pl. adj.] [3] few
pax, pac- [1] peace
pecunia money
pejor (3) worse
pellere, pulsum [4] push
pendere, pensum [5] hang, weigh
pes, ped- [2] foot
pessimus (3) worst
pestis, pest(i)- plague
petere, petitum [5] aim at, seek
pingere, pictum [7] prick, paint
pinna (1) feather
pius [3] devoted to duty
placere, placitum [6] please, be agreeable
plectere, plexum weave
plenus [1] full
ponere, positum [5] put, place
pontifex, pontific- (3) high priest
populus [1] a people
portare, portatum (4) [5] carry
posse [pot-] [6] be able
posterus [3] coming after
potens, potent- (1) powerful, being able
praeda (1) booty, prey
prehendere, prehensum [5] seize
premere, pressum [4] squeeze
pretium (5) price
prex, prec- (5) prayer
primus [1] first
prodigium (1) portent, monster
proles offspring
proprius [3] one's own
proximus (5) nearest
puer, puer- (1) boy, child
pulcher, pulchr- (1) [3] beautiful, handsome
pugnare, pugnatum fight
pungere, punctum [7] prick, sting
putare, putatum think, consider
Q
quaerere, quaesitum [5] seek, ask [-quir-, -quisit-]
qualis [3] of what kind
quantus [3] how much
quartus (2) fourth
quattuor, quadri-, quadru- four
queri (6) complain
quintus (2) fifth
quinque (2) five
quis, quid who, what
quotus how many
R
radius, radi- [2] ray
radix, radic- [2] root
ramus branch
rancere (6) stink
rapere, raptum [6] snatch
ratio, ration- [2] reason, reckoning
regere, rectum [6] guide, direct, rule
reri, ratum [7] think
rete (3) net
rex, reg- [2] king
rigere (6) be stiff
rodere, rosum (4) gnaw
rogare, rogatum (4) [5] ask
rota [1] wheel
ruga (5) wrinkle
rumpere, ruptum [4] burst, break
rus, rur- [2] the country
S
saeculum [2] age, the times
salire, saltum [6] leap, jump [-sil-]
salus, salut- [2] health, safety
sanctus [1] holy
sanguis, sanguin- [2] blood
sanus [3] sound, healthy
sapiens, sapient- (3) wise
satis [3] enough
scandere [5] climb [-scend-, -scensum]
scire [6] know
scribere, scriptum [4] write
scrupus (3) stone
secare, sectum [5] cut
secundus (2) second
sedere, sessum [6] sit
semi (2) one half
senex, sen- [3] old [man]
sentire, sensum [4] feel
septem, sept- (2) seven
sequi, secutum [6] follow
series (1) row
servare, servatum [5] save
servus [3] slave
sesqui- (2) one half more
sex (2) six
signum mark
similis [1] like
sinus, sinu- (5) wave, fold
sistere, statum [5] set, stand [cf. stare]
sobrius moderate
socius [3] comrade, ally, companion
sol, sol- [2] sun
solere, solitum [6] become accustomed
solvere, solutum [4] loosen
somnus [2] sleep
soror (4) sister
specere, spectum [6] look at (spicere)
species [1] sight, appearance ( < specere)
spirare, spiratum breathe
sponte of one's own accord
squalere (6) be stiff, be clotted
stare, statum (4) [5] stand
sternere, stratum spread
stimulus (4) goad
stinguere, stinctum [7] quench
stringere, strictum draw tight
struere, structum [7] pile up, build
studere [6] be diligent, be eager, study
studium [1] eagerness, zeal
stupere (6) be stunned
sumere, sumptum [5] take up
T
tabula (4) plank, table
tangere, tactum [6] touch [-ting-]
tegere, tectum [7] cover
templum sanctuary
tempus, tempor- [2] time
tendere, tentum, tensum (4) [5] stretch, aim at
tenere, tentum [4] hold, keep [-tin-; -tain]
tenuis thin
terminus [1] boundary, end
terere, tritum rub away
terra [1] earth, land
terrere [6] frighten
testis [3] witness
texere, textum [7] weave, build
timere [6] fear
tingere, tinctum [7] dip
tondere, tonsum [7] shear, clip, shave
torpere (6) be numb
torquere [tor-], tortum [7] twist
trahere, tractum [5] drag, draw
tremere [6] quake, tremble
tres, tri- (2) three
tumere (6) be swollen
turba riot, uproar
U
ultimus last
unus (2) [3] one
urbs, urb- [2] city
uti, usum [5] use
V
vacuus [1] empty
vadere, vasum [5] go, make one's way
valere [6] be well
varius [3] speckled, changing
vehere, vectum [6] convey
vellere, vulsum [7] pluck, pull
vendere, venditum [4] sell
venire, ventum [4] come
venter, ventr- (3) stomach, belly
venum [see vendere] sale
ver spring
verbum [2] word
vermis (4) worm
vertere, versum [4] turn
verus [1] true
vestigium (5) trace, footprint
vestis (4) clothes
vexare, vexatum [7] shake
via [1] way, road
videre, visum [6] see
vigere (6) thrive
vigilare (6) be wakeful
vilis (6) cheap
vincere, victum [5] win, conquer
vinum [2] wine
vir, vir- [2] man, male
virus [2] poison
vis force, power, strength
vita life (cf. vivere)
vitium [2] fault
vivere, victum [5] live
vocare, vocatum [4] call, use the vox [-voke]
volvere, volutum (5) roll
vorare, voratum [4] devour, eat
vovere, votum [7] vow, promise
vox, voc- [2] voice
Numbers in square brackets refer to lesson vocabularies; numbers in parentheses refer to lesson examples or exercises.