Applying Kant's Willing a Universal Law Form of the Categorical Imperative

To apply the willing a universal law form of the categorical imperative, you must answer the following questions:

a. What is the maxim on which the action is based?

b. When universalized, is the maxim logically consistent? Can it still occur (is it still possible) when universalized, or is it self-defeating?  [If everyone did this, would it still be possible?]

If the maxim cannot be universalized, one has a perfect duty not to follow it. For example, one has a perfect duty not to lie.

If the maxim can be universalized, then ask:

c. Does willing the maxim as a universal law lead the will to contradict itself? Can it be willed whatever position one is in? Can one reverse positions (change places) and still will it?

If a maxim can be universalized, but not willed without contradiction, then one has an imperfect, meritorious duty not to follow it. For example, a prosperous person has an imperfect duty to help those in distress.

Applying Kant’s Never As a Means Only Form of the Categorical Imperative

1. Is the agent using someone as a mere means–as a means only? Is he or she treating a rational being as a thing rather than as an end-in-himself/herself?

2. Can the person rationally consent or concur with the agent’s treatment of him/her? Can he or she agree with the end of the action?