Essay Grading Rubric Early Christianity

Argument/Interpretation

Essay addresses prompt completely. All parts fully addressed.

Thesis(es) is clear, plausible, insightful.

Key terms and concepts defined where appropriate.

Explicit or implicit assumptions of author or work identified when relevant.

Relevant methods used skillfully to reach interpretation or conclusion:  historical, literary, social scientific, etc. 

Relevant, convincing, and valid evidence supports points made. Relevant and convincing example(s) are used to support, clarify, and illustrate your thesis or interpretation.  Arguments or positions of others are accurately presented and analyzed, if used.   Questions to ask yourself:  Have you given your reader convincing reasons to accept your thesis, interpretation, or position?    Are citations (from the Biblical text or secondary sources), examples, analogies, etc. used to illustrate, clarify, or support the thesis?

Strengths and Weaknesses of argument  or interpretation recognized. Alternative points of view recognized and charitably entertained. Obvious objections posed and answered.  Does the student address possible counter-evidence? Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of his or her position? This may include a survey of alternative approaches, interpretations, or solutions. No important evidence or counter-evidence overlooked. Obvious objections answered. 

+Creativity. Student thinks outside the box. Has an original yet relevant take on the question or an original interpretation that he or she supports well. 

Structure/Organization

1. Structure is logical.   Each paragraph plays a role in the overall development of the thesis or interpretation. A reader may easily outline the essay. You may want to include a "roadmap" to the essay for the reader in the first paragaph.

2. Introductory and concluding paragraphs are strong.

3.  Smooth transitions between paragraphs. Headings and/or transitional sentences should be used to guide reader.

4.  Topic sentence(s) of each paragraph clear and easily identified. 

Helpful online advice - http://www.jimpryor.net/teaching/guidelines/writing.html Especially scroll down to Section on “Make the Structure of your Paper Obvious" To learn more about transitions in general, go to this helpful handout on transitions:   http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/transitions.html 

Spelling, Grammar, Style

Correct Spelling:  Use spell check.  Words spell check won't catch:  affect/effect, except/accept, it's/its, outweigh,  their/there, principle/principal, dilemma, loose/lose, family's/families, weather/whether, to/too/two, then/than, prophesy/prophecy, alter/altar

Grammar and Style - A grammar checker can be useful:  Setting your grammar checker.

1.  Long, complex passive and/or run-on sentences avoided. ( Sue hit the ball is usually better than The ball was hit by Sue. –unless you are emphasizing the ball on purpose .  See Turabian 7th ed. Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations Section 11.1 (pages 109-117)--very helpful examples.

2.. Sentences do not end with a preposition.

3.. Subject/verb agreement. He is. They are. (Not: they is)

4. Infinitives. "To run swiftly"  not "to swiftly run."  "Not to run" rather than "to not run". "Try to do" not "try and do."

5.  Thing.  Avoid the use of the words "thing(s)" or "somethin" when possible.  What things?  Specify.  Instead of "Courage is a key thing" write "  "Courage is a key virtue." 

Citation - Cite Carefully.   Plagiarism is totally unacceptable!

1.   Introduce your quotations smoothly.  Reference to the author or text is often best:  As Bandstra argues, "....." (34).  As Galatians 3:12 (NRSV) says, "........... ."  Turabian (7th edition) Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations.  has excellent advice on incorporating quotations in Section 25. 

2.  Identify quotations with quotations marks unless five lines or longer.  Indent quotations longer than five lines.  No quotation marks required when indented.

3. Properly attribute quotations or resource materials in a standard citation form such as MLA, Chicago Manual of Style - CMS (University of Chicago A or B),  SBL (Society of Biblical Literature) or APA, but with page numbers added. Must have a "Works Consulted" or Bibliography page.

4.  Do not simply change a few words in a sentence.  If you are closely following your source, you should quote instead.

5.  Both very loose paraphrasing and use of an idea require citation.  More information on when to cite and how to cite is available in G. Harvey, Writing with Sources.  Indianapolis:  Hackett, 1998 on regular reserve and in Turabian (7th edition) Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations.   Sections 15 and 25.

6. Do not make up citations.  Guessing about correct source or inventing source is not acceptable.

7. Cite ALL sources used including personal communications, internet material, other student papers, etc.

***** WHEN IN DOUBT, CITE. If you plagiarize, you will receive at minimum a zero on the essay.  For more information about academic integrity including citing sources see the Dean of Students site at http://www.students.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=45708  

Information on Biblical Studies Citation can be found at  Citation for Biblical Studies.  I prefer MLA, University of Chicago A or B , or Society of Biblical Literature Citation Styles.  If you use APA, please include page numbers.  The Landmark Citation Machine can be helpful. This "machine" automatically formats in MLA and APA  and Chicago (CMS)if you enter the information correctly. You can find it at http://citationmachine.net/  There is an online stylebook of Society of Biblical Literature style for students at http://www.sbl-site.org/assets/pdfs/SBLHS_SS92804_Revised_ed.pdf   This helps in particular with citing the Bible or biblical reference materials.

Of special note:

How to cite the Bible. Examples: Rom 5:12-21 (NRSV) or Rom 5:12-21 (KJV) .  Or, in an in-text citation:  (Rom 5:12-21 NRSV) Use the abbreviation for the English version you are using.  NRSV for New Revised Standard Version, NIV for New International Version, etc.  If you will use the same version throughout, you can include a footnote or endnote to that effect the first time you use a biblical citation. You do not need to cite the New Oxford Annotated in the in-text citation if all you are using is the biblical verses. The NRSV will be exactly the same in any bible containing the NRSV.   If a biblical book is the first word in a sentence, do not abbreviate it.  Thus:  We see this in Rom 5:12 (NRSV).   But:  Romans 5:12 (NRSV) shows us this.

How to Cite Introduction to a Biblical Book or Annotations in a Study Bible. If you use information or quote from the introduction to a book, the annotations, or one of the essays included in a study bible, you should cite the study bible by author of the introduction, annotations, or essay, etc. as you would for an article in an edited collection using the style  you have adopted such as MLA or CMS or Society of Biblical Literature Style.  A table of contributors for the New Oxford Annotated Bible (NOAB) can be found on the page after the copyright page.    Here is an example of a bibliography entry in MLA and in SBL Style:

MLA Style:

Horsley, Richard A. "The First Letter of Paul to the Corinthians Introduction and Annotations." The New Oxford Annotated Bible. New Revised Standard Version, with the Apocrypha. Ed. Michael D. Coogan et al. Augmented 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. 267–92.

SBL Style:

Horsley, Richard A. "The First Letter of Paul to the Corinthians Introduction and Annotations." Pages 267–92 in The New Oxford Annotated Bible. New Revised Standard Version, with the Apocrypha. Augmented 3rd ed. Edited by Michael D. Coogan et al. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

Format - Improper margins, fonts, spacing, page numbering, outline not included, etc

One inch to 1-1/4 inch margins on all sides. Double spacing of main body of paper. Twelve point font. Each page is numbered. Each paragraph is numbered.  Thesis is bolded.  Book titles are italicized.  Foreign language words are italicized.  Outline attached.