History 523

IDAHO AND THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST

University of Idaho

Spring 2004

Tuesday and Thursday @ 12:30 – 1:45

Administration 326

Dr. Adam M. Sowards

Office: Administration 315

Phone: 885-7704

E-Mail: asowards@uidaho.edu

Web: http://www.class.uidaho.edu/asowards/ (This website is in the process of being developed.)

Office Hours: Tuesday and Thursday, 10:45 – 11:45 (Immediately before and after class is usually also a good time to have some questions answered.)

Note to Students: It is my pleasure to do what I can to help you meet your goals in this class. If you find yourself having trouble, please send me e-mail, use my office hours, or set up an appointment to see me.

Course Description

This course will survey major developments in Pacific Northwest history. It include all areas from the Pacific Coast to the Rocky Mountains, from northern California to southern Alaska, including British Columbia. In the process, we will learn much about the development of the regional past, and we will hone our skills of critical thinking. Thus, this class will teach content (i.e., Pacific Northwest history) and skills (i.e., the ability to analyze, think, and communicate critically).

We will most commonly discuss cultural, economic, environmental, ethnic, political, and social topics. We will examine tensions between various groups and individuals, conflict between the economy and the natural environment, the changing nature of the Pacific Northwest’s political and social climate, the development of a unique Pacific Northwest culture and identity, and the relationship between the Pacific Northwest and the larger nation.

As a graduate-level course, we will engage in additional reading, extra discussion sessions (perhaps every other week or every third week), and longer and sometimes different papers.

Required Books

The following list constitutes the required books for this course. They are available for purchase at the University of Idaho Bookstore. It is possible, even likely, that you could find some of the books cheaper through online booksellers.

Undergraduate Books

· Carlos Schwantes, In Mountain Shadows: A History of Idaho (Instead of this text, you will read the longer, more complete text by Scwhantes, The Pacific Northwest: An Interpretive History)

· Karen J. Blair, ed., Women in Pacific Northwest History, revised edition

· Elizabeth Vibert, Traders’ Tales: Narratives of Cultural Encounters in the Columbia Plateau, 1807-1846

· Jim Phillips and Rosemary Gartner, Murdering Holiness: The Trials of Franz Creffield and George Mitchell

· Alexandra Harmon, Indians in the Making: Ethnic Relations and Indian Identities around Puget Sound

· Mark Fiege, Irrigated Eden: The Making of an Agricultural Landscape in the American West

· Andrea Vogt, Common Courage: Bill Wassmuth, Human Rights, and Small-Town Activism

Additional Books for Graduate Students

· Cole Harris, Making Native Space: Colonialism, Resistance, and Reserves in British Columbia

· Liping Zhu, A Chinaman’s Chance: The Chinese on the Rocky Mountain Mining Frontier

· Katherine G. Morrissey, Mental Territories: Mapping the Inland Empire

· Peter Boag, Same-Sex Affairs: Constructing and Controlling Homosexuality in the Pacific Northwest

· Richard A. Rajala, Clearcutting the Pacific Rain Forest: Production, Science, and Regulation

· Quintard Taylor, The Forging of a Black Community: Seattle’s Central District from 1870 through the Civil Rights

· Erasmo Gamboa, Mexican Labor and World War II: Braceros in the Pacific Northwest, 1942-1947

Assignments and Grading

Assignments will be forthcoming and will be developed in consultation with the instructor.

10-Minute Essays: You will not be required to take these 10-minute essays, however, you may choose to do them and I will grade them for feedback.

Participation: You will be expected to contribute to classroom and graduate group discussions, but this will not contribute to your grade as it will for undergraduates.

Policies

Late Work Policy: Your grade drops one full grade for each day your work is late. You must be in class the day it is due to turn in work. If you do not come to class, your work will be counted as one day late unless you have made prior arrangements. With legitimate, documented excuses or for absences arranged ahead of time, exceptions can be made.

Grade Challenges: I am willing to entertain grade challenges provided they are submitted in writing and that you wait 48 hours after the assignment is returned before you hand in your objection. You will then need to set up an appointment with me to discuss the assignment and grade. Also, you must initiate this process within one week of the time the assignment was returned to the class. After re-evaluating a grade and meeting with you to discuss the assignment and evaluation, I may change it.

Plagiarism: To plagiarize is to present someone else’s work as your own. To present someone else’s work as your own means to use someone else’s information, ideas or writing without explicitly acknowledging with quotation marks and/or citations that the ideas and writing are not your own. You may be plagiarizing even if you are not directly quoting. Plagiarism is a serious offense and I will give a 0 to the first assignment in which a student plagiarizes. If a student plagiarizes again, I will fail that student in the course. If you have ANY questions or confusions about plagiarism, please let me know before you turn in your work. It is essential to be using others’ ideas and information; however, you just must provide credit where credit is due. You may find additional information about Academic Honesty (and dishonesty) as part of the Student Code of Conduct.

Accommodations: Reasonable accommodations are available for students who have a documented disability. Please notify the instructor during the first week of class of an accommodation(s) needed for the course. Late notification may mean that requested accommodations might not be available. All accommodations must be approved through Disability Support Services located in the Idaho Commons Building, Rm. 333, 885-7200, or dss@uidaho.edu.

Expectations

Students will:

	attend all classes.
	finish assigned readings and work on time and be prepared to answer questions and discuss reading content.
	spend time contemplating the basic issues discussed in class and in the reading.
	treat peers and professor with respect.
	engage in appropriate academic classroom behavior (e.g., arrive on time prepared to take notes, do not engage in social conversations or other disruptive acts, keep wireless phones off).
	do not engage in "social loafing" during group assignments.
	take independent steps to solve any confusion due to missed class (or other reasons) by using appropriate methods.
	devote ample time to the course content despite work, social and other class obligations.
	do not cheat or be prepared to accept the consequences which will result in 0 points for the assignment. (Further discipline may be appropriate.)

The instructor will:

	arrive in class on time and be prepared to make effective use of the students' time.
	treat students and their opinions with respect.
	be available to students during office hours and at other times arranged by mutual agreement.
	make every reasonable effort to assist students in attaining their academic goals.
	assess student performance in as objective and accurate manner as is possible and as quickly as possible.
	keep abreast of current events as they pertain to the course.
	continue to research and study Pacific Northwest history.
	challenge students to learn as much as possible.

Reading and Assignment Schedule

Please note that this is an approximation of what we will be doing and changes may be necessary. If so, they will be announced to the class. Also, the reading assignments are to be complete before you come to class on the day they are assigned.

The additional graduate readings are listed below the others and only once a week. They are meant as guidelines, since you will not be discussing them in class, just in our graduate group. The Schwantes readings have been adjusted to fit The Pacific Northwest.

Thursday, January 15: First Day of Class, No Assigned Reading

Tuesday, January 20: Defining the Region: Carlos A. Schwantes, The Pacific Northwest, xvii-xxiii, 1-16.

Thursday, January 22: Aboriginal Northwest: Elizabeth Vibert, Traders’ Tales, xi-xviii, 3-49.

Graduate: Schwantes, 22-40.

Tuesday, January 27: Early Contact: Schwantes, 19-24, 41-52; Vibert, 50-118.

Thursday, January 29: Fur Trade: Schwantes, 53-79; Alexandra Harmon, Indians in the Making, 1-42; Karen J. Blair, ed., Women in Pacific Northwest History, 184-194.

Graduate: Cole Harris, Making Native Space, xv-xxxi, 3-16.

Tuesday, February 3: Extending Trade and Contact: Vibert, 119-204.

Thursday, February 5: Interpreting Trade and Contact: Vibert, 205-283.

Graduate: Harris, 17-44.

Tuesday, February 10: Beginning of European Settlement: Schwantes, 83-109; Harmon, 43-71.

Thursday, February 12: Indian Treaties and War: Harmon, 72-102

Graduate: Harris, 45-69.

Tuesday, February 17: Establishing Boundaries (Political and Cultural): Schwantes, 110-165; Harmon, 103-130.

Thursday, February 19: Connecting the Northwest: Schwantes, 169-199.

Graduate: Liping Zhu, A Chinaman’s Chance, 1-96; Harris, 71-215.

Tuesday, February 24: Economic Booms and Busts: Schwantes, 200-224; Mark Fiege, Irrigated Eden, ix-xi, 3-80.

Thursday, February 26: Country and City: Schwantes, 225-250; Fiege, 81-116.

Graduate: Katherine G. Morrissey, Mental Territories, all.

Tuesday, March 2: Contests over Ethnicity and Race: Harmon, 131-189.

Thursday, March 4: Developing Amenities: Schwantes, 271-312 (note this is slightly out of order).

Graduate: Quintard Taylor, The Forging of a Black Community, 3-45; Zhu, 97-200.

Tuesday, March 9: Turmoil and Reform I: Schwantes, 251-270, 315-344; Blair, 25-89.

Thursday, March 11: Turmoil and Reform II: Jim Phillips and Rosemary Gartner, Murdering Holiness, 1-56.

Graduate: Schwantes, 345-362; Harris, 216-261.

Tuesday, March 16: Spring Recess, No Classes

Thursday, March 18: Spring Recess, No Classes

Tuesday, March 23: Debating Morality: Phillips and Gartner, 57-191.

Thursday, March 25: Law and Morality: Phillips and Gartner, 192-243.

Graduate: Peter Boag, Same-Sex Affairs, all. Class, Gender, and Sexuality Paper Due

Tuesday, March 30: Modernizing Tendencies and Tensions: Schwantes, 363-380; Blair, 94-157, 267-283.

Thursday, April 1: Modernizing Economy and the Environment: Fiege, 117-170.

Graduate: Richard A. Rajala, Clearcutting the Pacific Rain Forest, xvii-xxiii, 3-122.

Tuesday, April 13: Depression and Transformation: Schwantes, 381-395; Harmon, 190-217.

Thursday, April 15: Nature and the Power of Myth: Fiege, 171-209

Graduate: Rajala, 123-224; Taylor, 49-134. Environment Paper Due.

Tuesday, April 20: War and the Integration of the Northwest: Schwantes, 399-428; Blair, 158-179, 284-307.

Thursday, April 22: Postwar Trends: Schwantes, 429-453.

Graduate: Erasmo Gamboa, Mexican Labor and World War II, all; Taylor, 135-189.

Tuesday, April 27: Postwar Politics and Civil Rights Struggles: Schwantes, 454-476; Harmon, 218-249; Blair, 237-254.

Thursday, April 29: Rural Northwest in an Urban Age: Andrea Vogt, Common Courage, ix-xix; 1-51.

Graduate: Harris, 263-323; Taylor, 190-240; Schwantes, 477-502.

Tuesday, May 4: Continuing and Changing Diversity: Vogt, 53-154; Blair, 195-236.

Thursday, May 6: Prospects: Schwantes, 503-522; Vogt, 157-218.

Final Exam Scheduled, Wednesday, May 12, 7:30 – 9:30

Final Paper (i.e., Ethnicity and Race Paper) due at this time.

Course Themes and Questions

As I have been teaching and researching in Pacific Northwest History, I have come to concentrate on a handful of themes. These areas provide constant reference points that allow us to watch change over time. When encountering new material in Northwest history, I often ask myself questions about how this new information relates to these themes. The themes selected below derive from the material we are reading.

· Racial/Ethnic Diversity: From the earliest human occupation, the Pacific Northwest has been a region brimming with different cultures. The earliest Native populations represented several cultural traditions and as Europeans and later Asians, Africans (and African Americans), and Latin Americans migrated to the region, cultural interaction and, often, conflict characterized the social relationships here. Throughout the region's history and to this day, diverse human populations help make the PNW a unique and rich place. Racial/Ethnic Diversity: How has racial or ethnic diversity shaped interaction among people and institutions? How do developments in the region affect racial and ethnic groups differently? What conflicts have resulted because of racial and ethnic difference? What instances of cooperation exist? Why did cooperation prevail then? What have been the results? How did groups interact within their own cultural group, with other non-Euroamerican groups, and with Euroamericans?

· Economy: Of course, humans always participate in economic arrangements and relationships. Understanding how American Indians and European, Asian, African, Canadian, and American residents made a living reveals much about the nature of PNW history. It is important to recognize the extra-regional links of the PNW economy. Economy: What economic relationships and arrangements are present here? What have been the causes and consequences (e.g., economic, social, political, and environmental consequences) of the economy? How has capitalism shaped economic relationships between individuals and institutions? What have been the consequences of those relationships? What has been the basis of the Northwest's economy over time? To what extent has been the Pacific Northwest’s economy colonial in relationship to the East and/or to the federal government? If the Northwest has emerged (even partially) from that relationship, when and how did that occur? How did various socioeconomic classes develop? How do rural and urban (or rural and industrial) economies interact? How did those in the subordinate classes resist their subordination? How did those in the dominant classes dominate?

· Environment: For most of PNW history, the natural environment furnished the materials necessary to fuel economic growth. Nature also has provided the basis of many residents' identity. Today, a close association with the natural world is one of our region's hallmarks. Environment: How have factors related to the environment (e.g., aridity and semi-aridity, mountains, deserts, abundance of federal land) shaped the economy, politics, and culture of the Pacific Northwest? How have Northwesterners forged a regional identity with the natural environment? What opportunities and limits has the environment offered the region? How have Northwesterners shaped the environment? What have been the consequences? How have Northwesterners handled the inherent conflict between the environment as a source of economic survival to be used and the environment as a source of inspiration and identity to be used sparingly, if at all? How have the diverse environments within the Pacific Northwest shaped Northwest history?

· Politics: The Northwest has often had quirky political developments. We tend to be independent, voting on the basis of personality and issue—not tradition. Of course, politics has been the realm through which many push their agendas related to the other themes of diversity, economy, and environment. Politics: What political system and arrangements of political power are present here? Who exercises political power and to what end? Who gains and who loses in this particular political system? What common threads characterize Pacific Northwestern politics? How have political reforms been enacted? What have been their consequences?

· Gender: Just as diverse ethnic and racial groups faced different experiences in the West, so did men and women. For a long time it was assumed in historical scholarship that men’s experiences spoke for all people, or alternately that women’s experiences were not important. We have moved beyond those perspectives somewhat, though much remains to be discovered. Gender: How and why did women and men enjoy separate experiences in the American West? What experiences did they share? What ideals did society hold up to women and to men to guide their behavior in public and in private? How well did individual women and men meet those ideals? How have those ideals changed over time? How does sexuality shape Western experience? How have ethnicity and gender interacted?

There is one additional theme that is important to consider in this course, especially in part of our discussions. However, the assigned reading does not cover it well enough for you to be able to write satisfactory papers. Thus, this theme is not available for you to write thematic papers about.

· Region, Nation, World: It is important to see the Pacific Northwest in its many contexts. First, we need to recognize what makes the region unique compare to other places. This changes from time to time. Next, we must recognize the Northwest's relationship to the rest of the nation (or nations, including Canada). Finally, it is useful to locate the region within global history. Region, Nation, World: What is unique to the region? How does the region relate to the nation? How does the region relate to the rest of the world? How do national and international developments affect the Pacific Northwest?