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Citations: In Text
APA Format
IEEE Format
What to Cite

This list presents one of many possible bibliographic styles. You can find the bibliographic form your field uses by consulting your textbooks, journals for your field, or styles guides for your field in the library. Use one bibliographic form consistently and correctly. Note: with APA style (as with most styles, your reference page should be organized according to alphabetical order by author (or by title if no author).

1. Book with a single author
   Adams, J. J. (1996). Urban Economy and Public Policy. New York: St. Martin's Press.
    

2. Book with two authors
   Barber, E. C. & Grice, C.G. (1974). Law School Administration. New York: Simon and Schuster.
    

3. Book with three or more authors
   Jenson, J. E, Hatley, T.F., Wills, E.P., & Lewis, D.Q. (1978). Soil Science. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
    

4. Chapter in a book (also see #1.)
   Laxton, Gregory D. (1986). Eye Movement and Meaning. In Paralanguage (pp.78-96). New York: Prentice Hall.
    

5. Chapter in a book with an editor
   Watson, Mark. (1996). Nitrogen Fixing Trees. In R. Brown. (Ed.) Farming for the Future. (pp. 33-38). Farmingdale, N.Y.: Baywood.
    

6. Reprinted article in a book or anthology with an editor
   Milgram, S. (1994). The Perils of Obedience. In L. Behrens & L.J. Rosen (Eds.), Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum (5th Ed.), pp. 322-335. New York: Harper Collins. (Originally published 1974). 
   [Note: the in-text citation form is (Milgram, 1974/1994, p. 324)]
    

7. Book or report with a private organization or corporate author
   Life Insurance Research Association. (1998). Marketing Strategies. Boston: Author. [Note: This indicates the book is published by the author.]
   

8. a.  Journal article
   Duncan, Roberta R. 1996. Remediation of Lead in Water Supplies. Environmental Sciences, 99, (18), 7-18.
   

   2. Magazine article (no volume or issue number, just a date)
      Latham, N. (1989, June). Palouse Writers. Journal of Northwest Publications, pp. 19-23.
       

   3. Unsigned journal article
      Lyme Disease. 1990. Science, 298(5), 31.
       

9. a.  Newspaper article, signed
   Long, B. (1995, July 21). Commissioners Tackle Waste Disposal. The New York Times. Sec 6: 6-7, 25.
    

   2. Newspaper article with a dateline, unsigned
      Nonpoint Source Water Quality Standards. (1997, July 10). Moscow/Pullman Daily News (Moscow, Idaho), 1A, 4A.
       

10. Report from the Internet// See http://www.apastyle.org/elecsource.html for new details on this.
    
    Progress Strategies, Inc. (1996, Oct. 5). Selecting Novell for Your Enterprise. Novell Software Information Page.  Retrieved June 6, 2004 from <http://www.novell.com/intranetware/products/intranetware/compare/progstrat.html>
     [Note: the first date is the date posted; the second is the date accessed. If there is no posting date use n.d (no date) and use the date accessed with your in-text citation. If there is no author, start the reference with the Web page title and cite the title with your in-text citation.]
    
    

11. a.  Government report (from the Government Printing Office)
    Department of Energy (DOE). (1994). Siting and Construction of New Production Capacity (DOE Publication No. 0122d). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
    

    2. Government report (from an agency)
       Forest Service, Northern Region (USDA). (1997). Forest Plan: Clearwater National Forest.Orofino, Idaho: 
       Clearwater National Forest.
       

12. Paper in a proceeding 
    Matasayo, Paul and Lotz, Juan. (1982). A Study of Item and Factor Analysis. E. Kosakos (Ed.), Proceedings of the 23rd British Psychological Conference, 2, (1), 106-115.
    

13. Paper presented at a conference or symposium
    Mann, H. T. (1991). Metabolism of 5-HT Inhibitor. L.Lawrence and T. Rosen (Eds.), Symposium on Drugs and Heart Metabolism. Chicago,IL. University of Chicago. 107-110. (23rd Congress of the American Heart Society).
    

14. Routine report
    Robert, D.A. (1990, May 4). A Review of Recent Developments in the Technology of Superconductive Materials. Columbus, OH: Batelle Memorial Institute.
    

15. Unpublished paper
    Reston, M. W. (1990). The Curvature of Light Rays in the Atmosphere. Unpublished draft, University of Pittsburg, Department of Physics. Pittsburg, PA.
     

16. Brochure
    Gunderson Medical Foundation. (n.d.). Lyme Disease. LaCrosse, WI: author.
    

17. Dissertation or thesis
    Romerez, B.A. (1995). Transcultural Child Psychoanalysis. (Doctoral dissertation, University of California Berkeley, CA. 
       

18. Telephone interview
    Miller, G. F. (1996, November 7). Telephone interview. 
    

19. Interview/Personal Communication
    Stedmann, J.K. (1989, September 9). Professor of Economics, Washington State University. Interview.
    

20. Email message
    Johnson, M. <mjohnson@wsu.edu > (1998, April 9). Bunker Hill Site Remediation Plans [personal email]. (1998, April 12). [Note: the first date is the date sent; the second is the date accessed.]
    

21. Class lecture
    Meredith, J. (1995, spring semester). Animal Behavior, Biology 421. Class Lecture. University of Idaho.
    

22. Television program, movie, or radio program
    Hamlin W. (Producer) and Lewis, L. (Director). (1997, May 1). Flow: Happiness in Everyday Life. Narrator, Bill Moyer. ABC News Special.
    

23. Encyclopedia or reference book 
    Coleman, A. N. (1987). Liminology. Encyclopedia of Biology (pp. 312-314). [with author]
    Liminology. 1987. Encyclopedia of Biology (pp. 312-314). 
    [with no stated author]
     

24. Journal article from the abstract only. 
    (Only use this if the article is not available).
    Dunlap, J.L. & Michaels, G.T. (1998). The Effects of JIT Organization on Worker Safety. Japanese Computer Services Journal of Management, 43, 78-92. (From Psychological Abstracts, 1992, Abstract No. 11474).